Types of Single Phase Induction Motors

Types of single-phase induction motors

The single-phase induction motor is started by victimization in some ways.

Mechanical ways don't seem to be terribly sensible ways that are why the motor is started briefly by changing it into a two-phase motor.

Single-phase induction motors are classified per the auxiliary suggests that won't begin the motor.

They are classified as follows:

1. Split-phase motor
2. Capacitor-start motor
3. Capacitor-start capacitor-run motor
4. Permanent-split capacitor (PSC) motor
5. Shaded-pole motor

1. Split-phase induction motor:

The split-phase induction motor is additionally called a resistance-start motor.

It consists of a single-cage rotor and its stator coil have 2 windings?

the main winding Associate in Nursing a beginning (also called an auxiliary) winding.

Both the windings ar displaced by 90° in an area just like the windings during a two-phase induction motor.

The main the winding of the induction motor has terribly low resistance and high inductive electrical phenomenon.

Motor Characteristics:

The beginning force of a resistance-start induction motor is regarding one.5 times the full-load force.

The maximum or pull-out force is regarding a pair of.5 times full-load force at regarding seventy-fifth of synchronous speed.

The split-phase motor includes a high beginning current that is sometimes seven to eight times the full-load price.

Applications:

Split-phase motors area unit most fitted for simply started masses wherever the frequency of beginning is proscribed, and these are very cheap.

1. These motors are used in washing machines.
2. These are used in Air conditioning fans.
3. Used in food mixers, grinders, floor polishers, blowers, centrifugal pumps,
4. These are used in small drills, lathes, office machinery, etc.
5. Sometimes they are also used for drives requiring more than 1kW.

Capacitor motors:

Capacitor motors area unit the motors that have a capacitance within the auxiliary winding circuit to provide a larger part distinction between this within the main and auxiliary windings.

There are three types of capacitor motors.

2. Capacitor-start motor:

The capacitor-start motor develops a much higher starting torque, i.e. 3.0 to 4.5 times the full-load torque. To obtain a high starting torque, the value of the starting capacitor must be

large, and therefore the resistance of beginning winding should below.

Because of the high VAr rating of the capacitor required, electrolytic capacitors of the order of 250 µF are used. The capacitor Cs is short-time rated.

These motors area unit a lot of expensive than split-phase motors thanks to the extra price of the capacitance.

Applications:

1. These motors are used for heavy loads where frequent start required.
2. These motors are used for pumps and compressors, so these are used as a the compressor in the refrigerator and air conditioner.
3. They are also used for conveyors and some machine tools

3. Two-Value Capacitor Motor

This motor contains a cage rotor, and its mechanical device has 2 windings particularly the most winding and also the auxiliary winding.

The two windings are displaced 90? in space. The motor uses two capacitors Cs and CR. In the initial stage, the two capacitors are connected in parallel.

Applications:

1. Two value capacitor motors are used for loads of higher inertia that require frequent start.
2. These are used in pumping equipment.
3. These are used in refrigeration, air compressors, etc.

4. Permanent-split Capacitor (PSC) motor:

These motors have a cage rotor, and its rotor consists of two windings namely, the main winding and the auxiliary winding.

The single-phase induction motor has just one electrical device C that is connected nonparallel with the beginning winding.

The electrical device C is for good connected nonparallel with the beginning winding.

The electrical device C is for good connected within the circuit at beginning and running conditions.

Advantages

A single-value capacitor motor has the following advantages:
1. In this type of motor, no centrifugal switch is required.
2. This motor has higher efficiency.
3. It has higher power-factor because of a permanently-connected capacitor.
4. It has higher pull-out torque.

Limitations of permanent-split capacitor motor:

1. Electrolytic capacitors cannot be used for continuous running.

Therefore, paper-spaced oil-filled kind capacitors area unit to be used.

Paper capacitors of the same rating are larger in size and more costly.
2. A single-value capacitor has a low starting torque usually less than full-load torque.

Applications:

1. These motors are used for fans and blowers in heaters.
2. It is used in air conditioners.
3. It is used to drive refrigerator compressors.
4. It is also used to operate office machinery.

5. Shaded pole motor:

A shaded-pole motor could be a easy kind of self-starting single-phase induction motor.

It consists of a mechanical device and a cage-type rotor.

The stator is made up of salient poles. Each pole is slotted on the side, and a copper ring is fitted on the smaller part. This part is called the shaded pole.

The ring is typically a single-turn coil and is understood as shading coil.