TESTING ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

Testing Electronic Components with

 Multi meter

  This eBook shows you how to TEST COMPONENTS.
To do this you need "TEST GEAR." The best item of Test Gear is a

MULTIMETER. It will check virtually ninetieth persent of all parts.

And that's what we will do in this eBook:

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SCREEN SHOOT OF THIS BOOK

  

CONTENTS

1.  Analogue Multimeter
2. Audio Stages
3. Batteries - testing
4. Burnt Resistor
5. Buying A Multimeter
6. Capacitors
7. Capacitors - decoupling caps
8. Capacitors in Parallel
9. Capacitor Substitution Box
10. Cells  - batteries
11. Circuit Symbols
12. Co-Ax Cables
13. Colour Code (Resistor)
14. Coils
15. Continuity
16. Creating any value of R
17. Current   - measuring
18. Current Sensing Resistors
19. Current Transformer
20. Damper Diodes
21. Darlington Transistors
22. Digital Chips
23. Digital Multimeter
24. Digital Transistors
25. Diodes    replacing a diode
26. Discharge a Capacitor
27. Earth Leakage Detectors
28. Electrolytics
29. FETs
30. Fingers - to feel temperature
31. Focus pots
32. Fuses and 100mA fuses
33. Germanium Diodes
34. Heatsinks
35. Impedance  - of a stage
36. IC's - also called Digital Chips
37. IC's - Analogue Chips
38. "In-Circuit" testing
39. Inductors
40. Inductors - measuring
41. Integrated Circuits
42. Isolation Transformer
43. Latching Reed Switch
44. LEDs
45. Logic Probe MkIIB
46. Logic Probe - Simple
47. Logic Probe - using CD4001
48. Logic Probe - using CD4011
49. Making your own components
50. Measuring Resistance
51. Measuring Voltage
52. Mica Washers and Insulators
53. Motor - testing
54. MOSFETs
55. Multimeters
56. Non-polar Capacitor (electrolytic)
57. Open Circuit
58. "Open" Resistor - damaged
59. Opto-couplers
60. Parallel - resistors
61. Parallel and Series Capacitors
62. Piezo Diaphragms
63. Piezo Buzzers
64. Potentiometers
65. Pots - testing
66. Power Diodes
67. Power Supply -see Basic Electronics 1A
68. Reed Switch
69. Relays
70. Remote Controls
71. Resistor Colour Code
72. Resistor Networks
73. Resistors  - series
74. Resistor Substitution Box
75. Ripple Factor
76. Schottky Diodes
77. SCRs
78. Short Circuit
79. Signal Injector
80. Silicon diodes
81. Soldering
82. Spark Gaps
83. Speaker
84. Substitution Box
85. Super Probe MkII
86. Surface Mount - Packs
87. Surface-Mount Resistors
88. Surface-Mount Resistor Markings
89. Switches
90. Symbols
91. Test Equipment
92. Testing A Circuit
93. Testing A Resistor
94. Testing Components "In-Circuit"
95. Transformers - current transformer
96. Transformer Ratings 28v-0-28v
97. Transistor Outlines
98. Transistors
99. Transistors Digital
100. Triacs
101. Unknown resistors - testing
102. Using A Multimeter
103. Voltage Divider
104. Voltage Regulators
105. Voltages on a circuit
106. Wire Wound Resistor
107. Yokes
108. Zener Diodes
109. 4-Band Resistors
110. 5-Band Resistors
111. 10-Turn Pots

Use your "brain, knowledge and your fingers."

Before we have a tendency to begin, fixing something could be a combination of ability, luck and sensible identification.Sometimes you can fix something by letting it run until it finally fails.
Some things start to work as soon as you touch them.
Some things can never be fixed.
But some things can be fixed by feeling the temperature rise and deciding if it is getting too hot.
Sometimes you can smell something getting too hot.
Sometimes you can see SMOKE.
All these things make you a very clever technician and about 50% of faults will be fixed by looking for dry joints, burnt parts, overheating and carefully inspecting an item before you disturb it.
By simply touching different items you can quite often feel a hot item and home-in on the fault - at a saving of hours of work.
Servicing isn't "A bull at a gate" approach.
You may be able to service something by turning it on and leaving it for hours - and start thinking.
It may take you a day to come up with the answer.
Believe me. That's how it worked for me - while fixing over 35,000 TV's. 

 TEST EQUIPMENT

Everyone thinks TEST EQUIPMENT will "solve the problem."
This is a big big MISTAKE.
Test equipment can help solve a problem and it can "lead to frustration," "give an incorrect answer," "mess you up," and make things worse.
You have to be very careful with test equipment and especially EXPENSIVE equipment because it is very sensitive and can detect pulses and glitches and voltages that are not affecting the operation of the circuit.
You will learn a lot of tricks when reading through this article, but let me say two things.
There are lots of faults and components that you cannot test with "test equipment" because they are either intermittent or the equipment does not load the device to the same extent as the circuit.
And secondly you need both an ANALOGUE multimeter and a DIGITAL meter to cover all the situations.
And if you are working on a car, you only need a $5.00 analogue meter because it will be dropped or fall into a crack, and you will only lose $5.00
You will learn that a digital meter will pick up spikes and signals on a line and show an incorrect reading.
That's why you need to back-up your readings with an analogue meter.
When you charge a battery it gets a "floating voltage" and this will be higher than the actual voltage, when the battery is fitted to a project. An analogue meter can draw a small current and take away the "floating voltage."
Component testers can even offer you a false reading, either because the component is out of range of the tester or intermittent and you need to be aware of this.
Oscilloscopes can even show waveforms that area unit components of glitches or noise from alternative chips and these don't have an effect on the operation of the a part of the circuit you're work.
Sometimes you cannot pickup a pulse because it is not regular and the trigger on the oscilloscope does not show it on the screen. You may think it is missing.
It all depends on the "speed of the oscilloscope" - it's maximum frequency of operation.
Lastly- Power Supplies. You cannot take a look at globes and motors on an influence offer as a result of the beginning current is five times over the operative current. The power supply may not be able to deliver this high current and thus you will think the motor or globe is faulty.

 MULTIMETERS

There are two types:

DIGITAL and ANALOGUE

A Digital Multimeter incorporates a set of digits on the show associate degreed an Analogue Multimeter incorporates a scale with a pointer (or needle).
You really want each varieties to hide the quantity of tests required for coming up with and repair-work. We will discuss how they work, how to use them and some of the differences between them.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

and many more ....

 

To be Download this book in PDF format  

click  download here

DOWNLAOD

This ebook is Source to that website

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