Lead Acid Battery
Definition:
The battery that uses sponge lead and
lead peroxide for the conversion of the energy
into power, such kind of battery is
named a lead-acid battery.
The lead-acid battery is most typically utilized in the
facility stations and substations as a
result of it's higher cell
voltage and lower prices.
Construction of Lead Acid Battery
Construction of Lead Acid Battery
The
various components of the lead-acid battery are shown below. The
container and therefore the plates are the most a part of
the lead-acid battery. The
container stores energy that is reborn into
electricity by the assistance of the plates.
Container
The container of the lead-acid battery is created of glass, lead-lined wood,
ebonite, the gum elastic of hydrocarbon compound, ceramic
materials or molded plastics and are seated at the top to avoid the discharge
of electrolyte. At the bottom of the container, there are four ribs, on two of
them rest the positive plate and the others support the negative plates.
The prism serves as the support for the plates and at the same time protects
them from a short-circuit. The material of which the battery containers are made
should be resistant to sulfuric acid, should not deform or porous, or contain
impurities which damage the electrolyte.
Plate
The plate of the lead-acid the cell is of diverse design and they all
consist of some form of a grid that is made up of lead and the active
material. The grid is essential for conducting the electric current
and for distributing the current equally on the active material. If the
current is not uniformly distributed, then the active material will
loosen and fall out.
consist of some form of a grid that is made up of lead and the active
material. The grid is essential for conducting the electric current
and for distributing the current equally on the active material. If the
current is not uniformly distributed, then the active material will
loosen and fall out.
The grids square measure created by Associate in Nursing alloy of lead and metallic element. These are usually
made with the transverse rib that crosses the places at a right angle or
diagonally. The grid for the positive and negative plates are of the same
design, but the grids for the negative plates are made lighter because they are
not as essential for the uniform conduction of the current.
The plates
of the battery are of two types. They are the formed plates or plate plates
and pasted or Faure plates.
Plante’s plates are used largely for stationary batteries as these are heavier in weight and more costly than the pasted plates. But the plates are more durable and less liable to lose active material by rapid charging and discharging. The plates plate has a low capacity weight-ratio.
Plante’s plates are used largely for stationary batteries as these are heavier in weight and more costly than the pasted plates. But the plates are more durable and less liable to lose active material by rapid charging and discharging. The plates plate has a low capacity weight-ratio.
Faure method is far appropriate
for producing negative plates
instead of positive plates. The negative active material is quite tough, and it undergoes a comparatively low
change from charging and discharging.
3. Active Material – The material in the cell that takes active participation during a chemical change (absorption or evolution of electrical energy) throughout charging or discharging is termed the active material of the
cell. The active elements of the lead-acid are...
2. Sponge lead Its form the negative active material. It is grey in color.
3. Dilute Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) – It is used as an electrolyte. It contains 31% of sulfuric acid.
The lead
peroxide and sponge lead, which form the negative and positive active materials
have the little mechanical strength and therefore can be used alone.
Separators
The separators square measure skinny sheets of non-conducting
material created with chemicals treated leadwood, porous
rubbers, or mats of glass fiber and are placed between the positive
and negative to insulate them from each other. Separators are
grooved vertically on one side and are smooth on the other side.
material created with chemicals treated leadwood, porous
rubbers, or mats of glass fiber and are placed between the positive
and negative to insulate them from each other. Separators are
grooved vertically on one side and are smooth on the other side.
Battery Terminals
A battery has two terminals the positive and
the negative. The
positive terminal with a diameter of 17.5 mm at the top is slightly
larger than the negative terminal which is 16 mm in diameter.
positive terminal with a diameter of 17.5 mm at the top is slightly
larger than the negative terminal which is 16 mm in diameter.
Working
Principle of Lead Acid Battery
Working Principle of Lead Acid Battery
When the oil of vitriol dissolves, its
molecules divide into positive element ions (2H+) and salt negative ions (SO4—) and move
freely.
If the two
electrodes are immersed in solutions and connected to DC supply then the
hydrogen ions being positively charged and moved towards the electrodes and
connected to the negative terminal of the supply. The SO4— ions being
negatively charged moved towards the electrodes connected to the positive a terminal of the supply main (i.e., anode).
Each hydrogen ion takes one electron from the cathode, and every sulphates ion takes the 2 negative ions from the anodes
and react with water and type sulphuric and atomic number 1 acid.
The
oxygen, that made from the higher than equation react with lead chemical compound and type
lead peroxide (PbO2.) Thus, throughout
charging the lead cathode stay
as lead, however, lead anode gets
converted
into lead peroxide, chocolate in color.
If the DC source of supply is disconnected and if the voltmeter
connects between the electrodes, it will show the potential
difference between them. If a wire connects the electrodes, then
current will flow from the positive plate to the negative plate
through external circuit i.e. the cell is capable of supplying electrical energy.
Chemical Action During Discharging
When the cell is full discharge, then the anode is of lead peroxide (PbO2) and a cathode
is of metallic sponge lead (Pb).
When the
electrodes area unit connected
through a resistance, the cell discharge and electrons flow in an exceeding direction opposite to it throughout charging.
The hydrogen ions move to the anode and reaching the anodes receive one electron from the anode and becomes hydrogen atom. The hydrogen atom comes in contact with a PbO2, so it attacks and forms lead sulphate (PbSO4), whitish in color and water according to the chemical equation.
sulphate particle (SO4—) moves towards the cathode and
reaching there offers up 2 electrons become radical SO4, attack the
antimony lead cathode and type lead salt whitish in color according to the chemical equation.
reaching there offers up 2 electrons become radical SO4, attack the
antimony lead cathode and type lead salt whitish in color according to the chemical equation.
Chemical Action During Recharging
For recharging, the anode and cathode are connected to the positive and the negative terminal of the DC supply mains. The molecules of the sulfuric acid break up into ions of 2H+ and SO4—. The hydrogen ions being positively charged move towards the cathodes and receive two electrons from there and form a hydrogen atom.Related post...
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