Types of batteries and uses

various types of battery with numerous configurations available

With the inventions of varied new shopper electronic devices, electrical vehicles, renewable energy storage wants, house and military applications, battery power these days is consumed as water.

If we glance around the world, we find a bunch of batteries hiding inside almost every device we have, wall clocks, mobile phones, laptops, watches, calculators, inverters, hair dryer, trimmers,

toys and many more. 

Batteries create devices moveable by separating them from the utility provides.

Today’s batteries live long and have high energy storage capacities. Portable power banks for long trips have become indispensable choices. Batteries come in various sizes and shapes, like button, flat, round and prismatic configurations.

The batteries square measure each non-rechargeable is known as primary batteries and reversible sorts known as secondary batteries.

While the primary ones cannot be recharged once decayed, the secondary batteries can be recharged again and again.

Nevertheless, primary batteries are cheap, compact, easy to use and have a longer life than the secondary batteries.

Since batteries come in various sizes, chemicals used and shapes, these have been provided with certain nomenclature by IEC and ANSI institutions to understand their specifications according to our needs.

For example, think about AN AAA one.5V sort battery as shown below.

Types of Battery

Primary Cells or Primary Batteries

These cannot be recharged once decayed. The advantages of primary cells are compact size and availability in various shapes like cylindrical, button, rectangular and prismatic, and these have high power-density, long shelf life, low level of discharging and portability. Its countless number of applications include watches, clocks, medical devices, radio and other communication devices, nano applications, memory chips and many more. Primary Cells or Primary Batteries

(These cannot be recharged once decayed. The advantages of primary cells are compact size and availability in various shapes like cylindrical, button, rectangular and prismatic, and these have high power-density, long shelf life, low level of discharging and portability.

Its multitudinous variety of applications embody watches, clocks, medical devices, radio and different communication devices, nano applications, memory chips and plenty of additional

If the primary cell does not contain liquid electrolyte then it is known as ‘dry cell’. A dry cell contains a moisten paste electrolyte. The figure above shows the cross-section of a Zinc Carbon Battery.

Some of the different types of primary batteries and their applications have been discussed below :

Zinc-Carbon/Alkaline/MnO₂ Cell or Battery

One of the earliest forms of dry cell i.e. Zinc-carbon or Leclanche cell had been in use for almost a century. But its now outdated with the commercial use of new primary batteries such as having alkaline/MnO2 as a cathode which has a higher capacity and higher energy density and longer shelf life.

Mercuric Oxide Batteries

The usage of mercuric oxide batteries are very limited due to the hazardous implications of the mercury to the environment. These batteries come as Zinc/cadmium anodes with mercuric oxide as a cathode. It comes in cylindrical, small flat button forms. It finds applications as low power sources in calculators, portable radios, watches, camera etc.

Zinc Silver Oxide Batteries

These are similar in design to mercuric batteries but have higher energy density. It works better at low temperatures.

Used primarily as button cell batteries and finds applications in equipment, electronic watches, hearing aids, etc.

Zinc-Air Batteries

Metal-air batteries have gotten attention within the battery business thanks to its high energy density.

Also, no active cathode is required.

However, its poor time period and sensitivity to external factors like temperature, humidness etc limits its use.

Its uses are in electronics, signalling and navigational applications.

Lithium Batteries

The advantages of metallic element batteries ar the best energy density, long period of time and might be operated over a large temperature vary.

Its applications include cameras, watches, clocks, calculators and other low power applications.

Secondary Batteries

These batteries are recharged again and again electrically once discharged. For example charging of mobile or laptop batteries. Today secondary or rechargeable batteries are omnipresent. These used as a standby power sources as in UPS, inverters and stationary energy sources on one hand, and as a primary source for countless consumer applications like mobile, laptop, flashlight, emergency lamps etc.
Some of the types of rechargeable batteries and their applications can be discussed below :

Lead Acid Batteries

These are the batteries usually employed in inverters, electric vehicles, engine ignition, emergency power, and solar battery applications.

It constitutes concerning 40-45% of the battery sale everywhere the planet.

Given below are some of the types of lead-acid batteries based on the construction and applications :

Starting Batteries

These are used to start engines, as they provide large impulse currents for a short period of time. These have slow discharge rates. Applications are in aircraft, ships, diesel engine vehicles, etc.

 

Deep Cycle Batteries

Contrary to stationary batteries which have very low discharged, the deep cycle batteries go for deep discharging up to 80% before recharging.

There square measure 3 styles of deep cycle batteries specifically flooded sort, gelled solution sort and absorbed gas mat (AGM) sort.

Its applications are in industrial trucks, golf carts, electric vehicles, mine cars, etc.
Submarine Batteries
Used in submarines. Its discharging fall between starting and deep cycle batteries, about 50%.
Stationary Batteries
It includes energy storage type batteries used in UPS, inverters, load levelling, and solar batteries, etc.

Reserve Batteries

These batteries are mostly used in military application to 

provide a high power supply for a short period of time for

 example missiles, torpedoes, launch-pads etc. These are kept in

 inactive or reserve conditions for a very long period of time

 and under harsh environmental conditions. For long-term storage, its self-discharge is prevented.

Based on their activation mechanism, these are of mainly four 

types such as water-activated, heat-activated, electrolyte 

activated and gas activated.

Fuel Cell

It is a galvanic device that converts chemical energy into 

electrical.

Unlike battery cells, the fuel or active material is provided 

ceaselessly once in want of wattage.

The electrodes of a fuel cell are not consumed but have catalytic 

properties to affect the chemical process. The anode materials are 
gas or liquid fuels like hydrogen, hydrocarbon, natural gas etc.

 As these are fuels used in engines, hence the term fuel cell. 

While oxygen is used as a cathode. Applications include portable

 power systems(25W-5kW) in military applications, in consumer applications as in cordless phones, computers, recreational vehicles, boats, forklifts, material handling systems etc. Fuel cells are categorised on the basis of the type of electrolyte used as follows :

1. Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells.
2. Alkaline Fuel Cells.
3. Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells.
4. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.
5. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.

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